Ayatollah Khomeini: Shaping Modern Iran And Political Islam

**The name Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini resonates deeply in the annals of modern history, synonymous with the seismic shift that redefined Iran and sent ripples across the global political landscape. In 1979, following many years of unwavering resistance to Shah Pahlavi, Ayatollah Khomeini became the supreme religious leader of the Islamic Republic of Iran, ushering in an era of profound transformation.** His rise to power marked not just a change in leadership, but a radical reorientation of a nation's identity, pivoting it towards a unique blend of religious governance and revolutionary zeal. This article delves into the life, leadership, and enduring legacy of Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini, exploring how he, as the architect of Iran's Islamic Republic, fundamentally altered the course of Iranian history and left an indelible mark on the concept of political Islam. From his early years as a scholar to his iconic return from exile and the establishment of a theocratic state, we will examine the pivotal moments and principles that defined his extraordinary influence. ***

Table of Contents

• Biography and Personal Data
• The Early Life and Religious Journey of Ruhollah Khomeini
• The Seeds of Revolution: Resistance to Shah Pahlavi
• The Triumphant Return and the 1979 Islamic Revolution
• Establishing the Islamic Republic: Theocratic Rule and Its Principles
• Key Policies and Challenges Under Khomeini's Leadership
  • The Iran-Iraq War: A "Sacred Struggle"
  • Domestic Consolidation and Cultural Revolution
• The Question of Succession and Khamenei's Ascension
  • Dismissal of Ayatollah Montazeri
  • Ayatollah Ali Khamenei: A Loyal Follower Rises
• The Enduring Legacy of Ayatollah Khomeini

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Biography and Personal Data

Ruhollah Musavi Khomeini was an Iranian Islamic revolutionary, politician, and religious leader whose life profoundly shaped the 20th century, particularly for the Middle East. He became the first Supreme Leader of Iran, serving from 1979 until his death in 1989. His journey from a respected cleric to the leader of a revolutionary state is a testament to his charisma, strategic acumen, and unwavering commitment to his vision of an Islamic society. | Attribute | Details | --- | ---

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